What is the maximum number of RS485 metering circuit breakers that can be connected to a single bus? How to avoid address conflicts?
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Specific Situation Description
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Key Points / Recommended Solutions
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Theoretical Node Capacity
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RS485 chips typically have theoretical load capacities of 32, 128, or 256 units, among other levels.
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This is the physical upper limit determined by the electrical characteristics of the RS485 interface chip. Always consult the chip datasheet during selection.
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Practical Recommended Quantity
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In practice, connecting up to 32 devices on a single bus is a common and stable configuration.
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The more devices connected, the greater the network impedance and number of potential failure points, making troubleshooting significantly more difficult. It is not advisable to push for the theoretical maximum.
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The network can be expanded in terms of node count and communication distance by using an RS485 repeater.
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The repeater itself occupies one node address and introduces a slight delay. It helps isolate faulty network segments, thereby enhancing overall network stability.
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Root Cause of Address Conflict
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Multiple devices on the bus are configured with the same Modbus slave address.
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An address conflict causes multiple devices to respond simultaneously to master queries, leading to data frame collisions, communication failures, or data corruption.
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